Proceedings of International Health Conference
Proceedings of the International Health Conference Faculty of Health Sciences Galuh University is a scientific publication that contains a collection of papers or articles presented at the International Health Conference organized by the Faculty of Health Sciences, Galuh University. This conference is a forum for academics, researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders in the health field to present and share the latest research findings, discoveries, and ideas related to various topics in health sciences. These proceedings are published periodically, usually after the conference. Its contents cover various topics relevant to the health field, such as medicine, nursing, midwifery, nutrition, public health, and other related disciplines. The papers included in these proceedings have gone through a rigorous selection and review process by the scientific committee and editorial board to ensure the quality and relevance of their content. The Proceedings of the International Health Conference Faculty of Health Sciences Galuh University serve as an important reference source for academics, researchers, and practitioners in the health field to access the latest findings and contribute to the development of knowledge in this field. In addition, these proceedings can also serve as a medium for establishing cooperation and collaboration among researchers from various institutions and countries in developing research and practices in the health sector.
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Head Nurse Supervision in Nursing Care Documentation: A Literature Review
Nursing care documentation is a key indicator of service quality, patient safety, interprofessional communication, and nurses' legal accountability. However, documentation completeness remains suboptimal in both global and Indonesian health-care settings. Head nurse supervision is a managerial factor that may improve nurses' performance through direction, coaching, monitoring, evaluation, and continuous feedback. This literature review aimed to identify the role of head nurse supervision in nurses' performance in nursing care documentation. The article search was conducted using the PICOS framework in Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed for studies published from 2018 to 2026 and selected according to the PRISMA flow. From 2,210 initially identified records, 15 articles met the eligibility criteria and were appraised critically. The review found that 14 articles (93.3%) reported an association or effect of head nurse supervision on nurses' documentation performance, while one article (6.7%) did not show a direct effect. Mixed supervision, combining direct and indirect approaches, was the most frequently used form. Structured, educational, consistent, and sustainable head nurse supervision is recommended to strengthen nurses' documentation performance and nursing service quality.Nursingcaredocumentationisakeyindicatorof servicequality,patient safety,interprofessionalcommunication,and nurses'legalaccountability.However,documentationcompleteness remains suboptimalinbothglobalandIndonesian health-caresettings.Headnursesupervisionis amanagerialfactor thatmayimprovenurses'performancethrough direction, coaching, monitoring, evaluation, andcontinuousfeedback. Thisliteraturereviewaimedtoidentifythe roleof headnursesupervisioninnurses'performanceinnursingcaredocumentation.The articlesearchwasconductedusing thePICOSframeworkinGoogleScholar,ScienceDirect,and PubMedfor studies publishedfrom2018to2026and selectedaccordingtothePRISMAflow.From2,210initiallyidentified records, 15articlesmettheeligibilitycriteriaand wereappraisedcritically.Thereviewfoundthat 14articles(93.3%)reportedanassociationoreffectofheadnurse supervisiononnurses'documentationperformance,whileonearticle(6.7%)didnot showadirecteffect.Mixed supervision,combiningdirectandindirectapproaches,was themostfrequentlyusedform.Structured,educational, consistent,andsustainableheadnursesupervisionis recommendedtostrengthennurses'documentationperformance andnursingservicequality.
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Early Mental Health Screening through the MENTARI Application and Classical Music Therapy
Background: Anxiety is commonly experienced by final-year nursing students due to academic workload, clinical practice, and thesis completion demands. Early mental health screening combined with non-pharmacological interventions is needed to support students’ psychological well-being. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of classical music therapy integrated into the MENTARI application for reducing anxiety among nursing students. Methods: This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. Participants were selected using purposive criterion sampling based on anxiety screening results. Anxiety levels were measured using the Mini MindHEAR Youth Scale Version 1 (MMYS V.1). Respondents received Mozart classical piano music therapy for 10–15 minutes daily for seven consecutive days through the MENTARI application. Results: The intervention showed a decrease in anxiety scores after therapy, indicating improved emotional relaxation among students. Conclusion: The MENTARI application integrated with classical music therapy has potential as an accessible digital intervention for early mental health screening and anxiety management among nursing students.
WhatsApp Education to Increase Family Planning Participation with Local Cultural Perspectives in 2026
This community-based research was conducted in Sukamulya Village to evaluate the effectiveness of WhatsApp-based education in increasing participation in family planning programs through a local cultural and social conservation approach. The study used a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design involving village health cadres and reproductive-age couples. Educational interventions were delivered through a WhatsApp group containing health information, interactive discussions, counseling, videos, and culturally adapted infographics related to family planning. Data were collected using questionnaires before and after the intervention and analyzed to assess changes in participants’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The results showed a significant improvement in all assessment domains. Knowledge about family planning increased from a mean score of 5.33 to 7.53 (41.25%; p<0.001), skills in using WhatsApp as an educational medium increased from 6.27 to 7.90 (26.06%; p<0.01), and attitudes toward participation and consultation in family planning improved from 3.83 to 4.33 (13.06%; p=0.018). The total score increased from 15.43 to 19.76 (28.08%; p<0.001). These findings indicate that WhatsApp-based education effectively improves community participation in family planning programs and can serve as an innovative strategy for health promotion in rural communities.
Telelactation Implementation Among Postpartum Mothers In Primary Healthcare
Background: Breastfeeding problems remain one of the causes of unsuccessful exclusive breastfeeding during the postpartum period. The advancement of digital technology enables lactation assistance services to be conducted remotely through telelactation. Aim: This study aimed to describe the implementation of telelactation among postpartum mothers in the working area of Baregbeg Public Health Center. Methods: This study used a descriptive quantitative design. The research was conducted at Baregbeg Public Health Center involving 22 postpartum mothers selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of maternal characteristics, access to telelactation services, frequency of consultation, types of breastfeeding complaints, and maternal satisfaction toward telelactation services. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Result: The results showed that most respondents were aged 20–35 years (68%), multiparous (56%), and had secondary education (60%). The majority of mothers accessed telelactation services through WhatsApp (82%). The most common breastfeeding problems were improper breastfeeding attachment (46%), low milk production (32%), and nipple pain (22%). Most respondents stated that telelactation services were easy to access (88%), helped solve breastfeeding problems (84%), and increased breastfeeding confidence (80%). Conclusion : Telelactation implementation was considered beneficial in supporting postpartum mothers during breastfeeding, especially in improving access to lactation counseling services. Telelactation can be developed as an innovative maternal health service in primary healthcare settings.
Local Food Utilization to Support PMT among Pregnant Women with CED
Background: Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among pregnant women remains a public health problem affecting maternal and fetal health outcomes. Local food utilization as part of Supplementary Feeding Programs (PMT) may serve as an alternative strategy to support maternal nutrition because it is accessible, affordable, and culturally appropriate. Objective: This study aimed to describe local food utilization among pregnant women with CED in supporting PMT programs. Methods: A quantitative descriptive design was used. The study population consisted of all 25 pregnant women with CED using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using validated and reliable structured questionnaires and analyzed descriptively using frequency and percentage distributions. Results: The results showed that most respondents had poor knowledge (40%), followed by moderate knowledge (32%) and good knowledge (28%). Regarding attitudes, 56% of respondents showed negative attitudes, while 44% demonstrated positive attitudes toward local food utilization in supporting PMT programs. Conclusion: Local food utilization in supporting PMT programs among pregnant women with CED remains suboptimal. Strengthening nutrition education and continuous assistance from healthcare providers, particularly midwives, are needed to improve maternal knowledge and positive attitudes toward local food utilization during pregnancy.
The Effect of Digital Advertising in the Stunting Detection Calculator (Kalkulating) Application on Visits to Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics
Stunting is one of the health problems with long-term impacts on the quality of human resources and regional economic growth. Globally, 22% of children are affected by stunting, with 19,8% in Indonesia, 15,9% in West Java, and 20,3% in Ciamis Regency. Digital transformation in the health sector offers a potential approach to improve access to and utilization of health services. This study aims to analyze the effect of digital advertising through the Stunting Detection Calculator (Kalkulating) application on the increase in visits to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic at RSU Al-Arif Ciamis. The Kalkulating application has been used as a promotional medium since October 2024. This study applied a quantitative approach using secondary data on patient visits from July 2024 to March 2025. The average number of visits before the advertisement was 106, which increased to 138.33 after the advertisement. The t-test result showed a t-value of 3.93 and a p-value of 0.0095, indicating a statistically significant difference. These findings suggest that digital health promotion can improve the utilization of health services. The implication of this study recommends expanding the use of digital media in public health promotion strategies to support stunting reduction efforts and strengthen sustainable regional health systems.
The Relationship Between Coping Strategies and Emotional Mental Disorders Among University Students
Background: Emotional mental disorders (EMDs) are common among university students, with approximately 12.7% of students experiencing such conditions. Psychological problems in students may reduce productivity and quality of life and interfere with the learning process. Objective: To determine the relationship between coping strategies and emotional mental disorders among university students. Methods: This study employed a descriptive correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of students at Universitas Sebelas April. A total of 373 respondents were selected using a non-probability sampling technique. Coping strategies were measured using the Brief COPE questionnaire, while emotional mental disorders were assessed using the Self- Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Results: Most respondents were female (67.8%) and aged 18–21 years (55.0%). The majority used problem-focused coping strategies (74.0%), and 61.7% showed indications of emotional mental disorders. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between coping strategies and emotional mental disorders (p = 0.001). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between coping strategies and emotional mental disorders among university students. Students who used emotion-focused coping had a 5.753 times greater risk of experiencing emotional mental disorders compared with those using problem-focused coping. Recommendation: Universities should implement mental health policies and support systems to promote student well-being.
Determinants of Anemia Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care
Anemia during pregnancy remains a major maternal health problem because it increases the risk of adverse outcomes for mothers and infants. This study aimed to identify determinants of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care. This study used an analytical cross-sectional design based on aggregated maternal health data from 50 pregnant women in Sukamulya Village, Ciamis, Indonesia. The sample consisted of 25 pregnant women with anemia and 25 pregnant women without anemia. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin level below 11 g/dL. The variables analyzed were maternal age, education, occupation, gestational age, parity, mid-upper arm circumference, iron tablet adherence, number of antenatal care visits, and pregnancy interval. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and odds ratios for selected two-category variables. The results showed that maternal age and pregnancy interval were significantly associated with anemia. Education, occupation, gestational age, parity, nutritional status based on mid-upper arm circumference, iron tablet adherence, and antenatal care visits were not significantly associated with anemia in this dataset. Although low mid-upper arm circumference and non-adherence to iron tablets showed higher odds of anemia, these associations did not reach statistical significance. These findings indicate that maternal age and pregnancy interval should receive greater attention in antenatal anemia screening, while nutritional assessment and iron tablet counseling should continue as essential components of anemia prevention during pregnancy.
Analysis of Relationship Between Anemia Knowledge and Iron Tablet Consumption Adherence Among Pregnant Women
Maternal anemia continues to be a major public health issue because it is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes during pregnancy and childbirth. Iron supplementation through Fe tablets is one of the recommended interventions to reduce the occurrence of anemia; however, adherence to tablet consumption among pregnant women remains unsatisfactory. Knowledge regarding anemia may play an important role in influencing adherence behavior. This study investigated the association between pregnant women’s knowledge of anemia and their compliance with Fe tablet intake.A quantitative analytical study using a cross-sectional design was conducted. Knowledge of anemia served as the independent variable, while adherence to Fe tablet consumption was treated as the dependent variable. The study population comprised 681 pregnant women attending antenatal care services at Sindangkasih Public Health Center, Ciamis Regency. A total of 87 participants were selected through simple random sampling using the Slovin formula. Data were obtained using an anemia knowledge questionnaire and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman’s rank correlation test.The findings revealed that nearly half of the respondents demonstrated a moderate level of anemia-related knowledge (49.4%). Furthermore, 42.6% of participants were categorized as having low adherence to Fe tablet consumption. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive association between knowledge and adherence (ρ = 0.681; p < 0.001).These findings indicate that better knowledge regarding anemia is associated with greater compliance in consuming Fe tablets during pregnancy. Strengthening educational interventions may therefore contribute to improving adherence and reducing the risk of anemia among pregnant women.
Evaluating Caregiver-Led Asthma Management for Preschool Children with Uncontrolled Asthma in Makkah: Quasi-Experimental Study
Uncontrolled asthma remains a significant public health problem among preschool children in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, because young children depend entirely on caregivers for medication administration, symptom monitoring, and trigger avoidance. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a caregiver-led asthma management program for preschool children with uncontrolled asthma. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with intervention and control groups will be used. A total of 120 caregivers will participate, with 60 caregivers in each group. Data will be collected using a caregiver knowledge and practice questionnaire, the Childhood Asthma Control Test, and the Test for Respiratory and Asthma Control in Kids. The intervention will include structured caregiver education on asthma triggers, medication adherence, inhaler technique, symptom monitoring, and home-based management. The study is expected to strengthen caregiver knowledge, improve asthma symptom control, reduce emergency visits, and support family-centered asthma care in Saudi primary healthcare settings.
Islamic Religious Coping and Mental Health Resilience Among Health Students in the Digital Era
Health students, particularly final-semester students completing their thesis, often experience academic pressure, chronic stress, and emotional fatigue. In the digital era, academic demands combined with intensive social media exposure create additional psychological challenges that may affect students’ mental well-being. This study aims to explore the role of Islamic religious coping in strengthening mental health resilience among health students at STIKes Bina Putera Banjar. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach involving five eighth-semester students from nursing, public health, and midwifery programs as key informants. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observation, documentation, and supported by relevant literature. The findings indicate that Islamic spiritual practices such as shalat (prayer), dzikir (remembrance of God), doa (supplication), and Quranic recitation were perceived to support emotional regulation and psychological resilience in dealing with academic stress. Islamic values including tawakal (trust in God), ikhtiar (persistent effort), sabar (patience), and the Quranic principle “inna ma’al ‘usri yusra” (with hardship comes ease) contributed to students’ coping processes and motivational resilience. Furthermore, digital technology demonstrated a dual impact: excessive social media exposure increased psychological pressure, while purposeful digital engagement supported academic productivity and spiritual reinforcement. These findings highlight the potential contribution of Islamic psycho-spiritual approaches in supporting student mental health and resilience within health higher education settings.
Evaluating The Effectiveness of A Childhood Fever Awareness Program For Caregivers on Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, and Health Literacy in Primary Health Care Centers in Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Childhood fever was one of the most common symptoms prompting healthcare consultations worldwide. Although fever was recognized as a normal physiological response to infection, the literature consistently showed that caregivers frequently misinterpreted it as a dangerous condition. This study aimed to evalate the effectiveness of a structured Childhood Fever Awareness Program (CFAP) in improving caregivers’ knowledge, attitudes, practices, and health literacy related to childhood fever management, and in promoting appropriate healthcare-seeking behavior among caregivers attending Primary Health Care Centers (PHCCs) in Ha’il, Saudi Arabia. A quasi-experimental, non-randomized, two-group pretest/post-test/follow-up design with cluster allocation will be implemented. The intervention group (n = 50) will be recruited from Al-Naqrah PHCC and will participate in the CFAP, while the control group (n = 50) will be recruited from Qufar and North Airport PHCCs and will receive treatment as usual (TAU). Data will be collected at baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and at an 8–12-week follow-up (T3). A total sample of 100 caregivers will be determined based on power analysis (α = 0.05, power = 0.80, moderate effect size), with allowance for potential attrition. Validated instruments will be used to assess knowledge, attitudes, practices, and health literacy outcomes. It is anticipated that caregivers in the intervention group will demonstrate significant improvements in knowledge, attitudes, practices, and health literacy compared to the control group, with sustained effects at follow-up. The Childhood Fever Awareness Program is expected to provide evidence supporting structured, health literacy–focused educational interventions in primary healthcare settings to improve fever management and optimize healthcare utilization.
The Impact of Nurse Self-Efficacy and Transformational Leadership on Nursing Practice Improvements in Hail Cluster: The Mediating Role of Collaborative Teamwork
Quality of nursing practice and effective group healthcare are fundamental pillars of modern healthcare delivery, particularly within the evolving landscape of the Saudi healthcare system. In the Hail Health Cluster, the high demands placed on nursing staff require not only clinical proficiency but also strong psychological and organizational support to ensure patient safety and operational excellence. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of nurse self-efficacy and transformational leadership on nursing practice improvements, specifically examining the mediating role of collaborative teamwork. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional design, data were collected from 278 registered nurses within the Hail Health Cluster. The research model was analyzed using SmartPLS 4 to assess both the measurement and structural models, ensuring high reliability and validity of the constructs. The results demonstrated that both transformational leadership and nurse self-efficacy have a significant positive influence on nursing practice improvements. Notably, collaborative teamwork was found to be a critical mediator, indicating that leadership and individual confidence drive practice enhancements primarily by fostering a cooperative and communicative team environment. Additionally, the study found that ethical leadership styles contribute to organizational justice, thereby reducing negative workplace dynamics such as bullying. These findings suggest that to achieve the goals of Saudi Vision 2030, healthcare administrators must prioritize leadership development and team-based interventions. This integrated approach ensures that personal self-belief and organizational guidance translate into superior clinical outcomes and a healthier professional work environment.
Analysis of Adolescent Girls’ Understanding of Anemia
Background: Anemia remains a major public health problem among adolescent girls, and limited evidence regarding their knowledge in rural senior high schools in Indonesia may hinder the development of effective school-based prevention programs. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the level of knowledge regarding anemia among adolescent girls at SMAN 1 Cihaurbeuti, Ciamis, West Java, Indonesia. Methods: A descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from January to March 2026 involving all 46 eligible adolescent girls using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing knowledge of anemia, including its definition, causes, signs and symptoms, consequences, and preventive measures. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: Most respondents were 17 years old (46.8%) and had regular menstrual cycles (69.6%). Low adherence to iron supplementation was reported by 54.3% of respondents, while 39.1% had poor dietary patterns. Overall, 71.7% of respondents were not anemic, whereas 28.3% experienced varying degrees of anemia. Regarding knowledge, 19 respondents (41.3%) demonstrated good knowledge, 12 (26.1%) had moderate knowledge, and 15 (32.6%) had poor knowledge of anemia. Conclusion: Although most respondents demonstrated good knowledge regarding anemia, nearly one-third still had inadequate understanding. Strengthening school-based nutrition education and promoting adherence to iron supplementation programs are recommended to improve anemia prevention among adolescent girls.
Effectiveness Of Audiovisual Media On Mother’s Knowledge Of Basic Complete Immunization In Salopa Community Health Care Tasikmalaya
The World Health Organization (2022) reported that 14.3 million children had not received the initial dose of DPT immunization, while another 6.2 million children received only partial immunization. Banjarwaringin Village, located within the working area of Salopa Community Health Care, has the lowest immunization coverage at 70%. Several toddlers have not completed basic immunization because mothers lack knowledge regarding complete basic immunization. Therefore, the use of audiovisual media in health education may improve mothers’ knowledge and attitudes toward immunization. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of audiovisual media on mothers’ knowledge of complete basic immunization in Banjarwaringin Village, Salopa Community Health Care, Tasikmalaya. This study used a pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 30 respondents, and the data were analyzed using normality and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. The results showed improved knowledge before intervention, with 56.7% having moderate knowledge and 21.6% low knowledge, and after intervention, 86.3% had good knowledge while only 2.0% remained low. Audiovisual media was proven effective with a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05). In conclusion audiovisual health education significantly increased mothers’ understanding of complete basic immunization in Banjarwaringin Village and may support childhood immunization coverage in the Salopa Community Health Care.
Differences In The Effectiveness of The Modification Syringe Method and The Syringe Method In Handling Inverted Nipples In Post-Caesarean Mothers At Bandung Kiwari Regional General Hospital In 2023
Background: Exclusive breastfeeding achievement at RSUD Bandung Kiwari has not yet been reached. This is partly due to complaints of inverted nipples. Therefore, handling of inverted nipples is needed, one of which is through the Modification Syringe method and the syringe method. Objective: To determine the difference in effectiveness between the Modification Syringe method and the syringe method in handling inverted nipples in postpartum mothers post-cesarean section at RSUD Bandung Kiwari in 2023. Method: The research method used was quasi-experimental with a two-group posttest-only design. The population consisted of 230 postpartum mothers post-cesarean section. The sample consisted of 25 mothers in the Modification Syringe method group and 25 mothers in the syringe method group. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Mann-Whitney test. Results: It took 5 sessions using the vacuum pump method to address inverted nipples, and it took 6 sessions using the syringe method to address inverted nipples. The p-value obtained was 0.033 < 0.05, which means there is a difference in the effectiveness of the vacuum pump method and the syringe method in managing inverted nipples in postpartum mothers after cesarean section. Conclusion: There is a difference in the effectiveness of the vacuum pump method and the syringe method in managing inverted nipples in postpartum mothers after cesarean section. It is recommended that hospitals consider the vacuum pump method as an alternative procedure for handling inverted nipple problems.