Intervensi Terapi Kelompok dalam Perawatan Diri Lansia Hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Cilongok 1

Yolinda Suciliyana, Zafria Atsna, Nunik Angelia, Ninuk Angelia

Abstract


Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular dengan prevalensi tinggi pada lansia dan sering menyebabkan penurunan kemampuan perawatan diri. Keterbatasan informasi, rendahnya literasi kesehatan, serta minimnya dukungan sosial menjadikan lansia hipertensi membutuhkan pendekatan edukatif yang sesuai dengan karakteristik mereka. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, motivasi, dan kemampuan perawatan diri lansia hipertensi melalui intervensi terapi kelompok di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Cilongok 1. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi skrining kesehatan, berbagi pengalaman antarpeserta, penyuluhan kesehatan, diskusi kelompok, serta pendampingan oleh kader kesehatan. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan pendekatan partisipatif yang melibatkan lansia secara aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman peserta terkait manajemen hipertensi, munculnya motivasi untuk merawat diri, serta terbentuknya kelompok kecil yang saling mendukung dalam menjalankan pengobatan dan kontrol tekanan darah. Lansia juga menunjukkan antusiasme tinggi terhadap metode diskusi interaktif yang dianggap lebih mudah dipahami dibandingkan penyuluhan satu arah. Keterlibatan kader kesehatan dinilai memperkuat keberlanjutan praktik perawatan diri setelah kegiatan berlangsung. Pembahasan menggambarkan bahwa terapi kelompok efektif dalam meningkatkan dukungan emosional, memperkuat motivasi, serta memfasilitasi pertukaran pengalaman pada lansia hipertensi. Intervensi ini juga relevan untuk diterapkan pada populasi berpendidikan rendah karena penyampaian informasi dilakukan dengan cara sederhana dan mudah dipahami. Dukungan sosial dari sesama lansia dan kader terbukti berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan perawatan diri. Kesimpulannya, intervensi terapi kelompok terbukti efektif meningkatkan kemampuan perawatan diri lansia hipertensi serta berpotensi diintegrasikan dalam program rutin Posyandu lansia sebagai strategi berkelanjutan dalam pengendalian hipertensi di komunitas.

Keywords


Pendidikan Kesehatan, Hipertensi, Lansia, Perawatan Diri, Terapi Kelompok

References


Agyei, M., Mensah, K., & Asante, K. P. (2023). Impact of community health volunteers on hypertension control outcomes in low- and middle-income settings: A cluster randomized trial. International Journal of Public Health, 68, 1605872. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2023.1605872

Allen, D., Hines, E. W., Pazdernik, V., Konecny, L. T., & Breitenbach, E. (2018). Four-year review of presenteeism data among employees of a large United States health care system: a retrospective prevalence study. Human Resources for Health, 59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-018-0321-9

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman.

Chockalingam, A., Campbell, N. R., & Fodor, J. G. (2006). Worldwide epidemic of hypertension. The Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 22(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0828-282x(06)70275-6

Dennis, C.-L. (2003). Peer support within a health care context: A concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 40(3), 321–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7489(02)00092-5

Depkes RI. (2018). Pedoman Pelaksanaan Program Pembinaan Kesehatan Lansia. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

Doku, D., Asante, F., & Amankwaa, A. (2022). Effectiveness of trained community health volunteers in hypertension management: Evidence from Ghana. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1), 1209. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08661-7

García, G. M., López, A. J., & Pérez, R. L. (2021). The impact of social support on hypertension self-management among older adults: A systematic review. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 36(4), E123–E132. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000798

Geboers, B., de Winter, A. F., Luten, K. A., Jansen, C. J. M., & Reijneveld, S. A. (2020). The association of health literacy with self-management abilities in older adults: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 105, 103559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103559

Heisler, M. (2010). Different models to mobilize peer support to improve diabetes self-management and clinical outcomes: Evidence, logistics, evaluation considerations, and needs for future research. Diabetes Spectrum, 23(4), 214–221. https://doi.org/10.2337/diaspect.23.4.214

Hidayat, R., Prasetyo, A., & Lestari, D. (2024). The effectiveness of peer-support-based intervention on medication adherence among elderly with hypertension. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 41(2), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370016.2024.XXXXXXX

Hird, T. R., Zomer, E., Owen, A. J., Magliano, D. J., Liew, D., & Ademi, Z. (2019). Productivity Burden of Hypertension in Australia: A Life Table Modeling Study. Hypertension, 73(4).

Jeet, G., Thakur, J. S., Prinja, S., & Singh, M. (2023). Community-based interventions for the prevention and control of hypertension in low- and middle-income countries: An updated systematic review. BMC Public Health, 23, 1452. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16245-2

Kemenkes BKPK. (2023). Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) dalam angka: Data akurat kebijakan tepat.

Khatib, R., Schwalm, J. D., Yusuf, S., Haynes, R. B., & other HOPE-4 investigators. (2014). Patient engagement and adherence to therapies in hypertension management. Journal of Human Hypertension, 28(10), 561–568.

Kibret, E. G., Mesfin, Y. M., & Woldemichael, K. M. (2024). Training of community health workers and hypertension outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Preventive Medicine Reports, 29, 102169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102169

Kim, S. H., Lee, A., & Kim, Y. (2022). Effectiveness of interactive health education on medication adherence and blood pressure control among older adults with low health literacy. BMC Geriatrics, 22, 741. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03415-2

Lee, S. Y., & Kim, H. Y. (2023). Social support and medication adherence in older adults with hypertension: A longitudinal study. Aging & Health Research, 3, 100138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2023.100138

Li, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., & Chen, L. (2023). Community-based hypertension education intervention and blood pressure control in older adults with low educational attainment: A quasi-experimental study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(9), 5678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095678

Martínez, J. L., Sánchez, M. G., & Ortiz, P. R. (2023). Influence of peer support groups on blood pressure control in elderly hypertensive patients: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 23, 256. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15072-4

Mbuthia, G. W., Magutah, K., & Pellowski, J. (2022). Approaches and outcomes of community health worker’s interventions for hypertension management and control in low-income and middle-income countries: systematic review. In BMJ Open (Vol. 12, Issue 4). BMJ Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053455

Mills, K. T., Stefanescu, A., & He, J. (2020). The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 16. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1038/s41581-019-0244-2

Mills, K. T., Stefanescu, A., & He, J. (2021). The global epidemiology of hypertension and primary health care response. Circulation Research, 128(7), 969–983. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318083

Nguyen, T. Q., Pham, D. T., & Tran, L. T. (2023). Health literacy, social support, and self-care behaviors in older adults with hypertension: A multilevel analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(6), 4567. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064567

Ni’mah, N., et al. (2023). Pengaruh peer group support terhadap self-care klien hipertensi. Jurnal Surya Muda, 5(1).

Notoatmodjo, S. (2014). Promosi Kesehatan dan Perilaku Kesehatan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Oppong, R. A., Asiedu, E., & Boakye, D. (2023). Social and behavioral impact of community health volunteers in managing chronic diseases: A qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 23, 783. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15874-9

Potter, P. A., Perry, A. G., Stockert, P. A., & Hall, A. M. (2017). Fundamentals of Nursing (9th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby.

Rahayu, M. R., Adriani, R. B., & Patriyani, R. E. H. (2025). Family Support on Blood Pressure in Elderly Hypertension: A Literature Review. Interest : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 68–82. https://doi.org/10.37341/interest.v12i1.714

Rahman, A., & Hasan, M. R. (2024). Family involvement and adherence to antihypertensive therapy in older patients: Evidence from community health centers. Patient Preference and Adherence, 18, 1123–1132. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S381210

Sari, C.W.M,. Yamin, A., & Santoso, M.B. (2022). The Effect of Community-Based Intervention on Self-Management of Hypertension Patients. Jurnal Pendidikan Keperawatan Indonesia, 8(1). 10.17509/jpki.v8i1.44362

Smith, J. P., Wang, L., & Thompson, M. A. (2022). Effects of social support networks on hypertension self-management outcomes in older adults. Applied Nursing Research, 68, 151570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2022.151570

Spruill, T. M. (2010). Chronic psychosocial stress and hypertension. Current Hypertension Reports, 12(1), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-009-0084-8

Stuart, G. W. (2014). Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing (10th ed.). Elsevier Mosby.

Uchino, B. N. (2006). Social support and health: A review of physiological processes potentially underlying links to disease outcomes. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29(4), 377–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-006-9056-5

WHO. (2021). Guideline for the pharmacological treatment of hypertension in adults. https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/f062769d-f075-4a00-87af-0a2106e0bd04/content

WHO. (2021). Hypertension. WHO.

World Health Organization. (2020). WHO guideline on health policy and system support to optimize community health worker programmes. WHO Press. https://doi.org/10.1186/978-92-4-000000-0

World Health Organization. (2023). Guideline for the pharmacological treatment of hypertension in adults (2023 update). World Health Organization. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.23.290123

World Health Organization. (2023). WHO guideline for the pharmacological treatment of hypertension in adults: 2023 update. World Health Organization. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.23.290123

Zhou, B., Perel, P., Mensah, G. A., & Ezzati, M. (2021). Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Nature Reviews Cardiology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-021-00559-8

Zhou, B., Perel, P., Mensah, G. A., & Ezzati, M. (2022). Improving hypertension control in primary health care settings: Evidence from implementation research. The Lancet Global Health, 10(12), e1714–e1723. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00431-8




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/ag.v8i1.23477

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

____________________________________________________________________________________

Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LPPM)

Universitas Galuh

Jl. Arya Janggala No. 11 Ciamis 46274

Telepon: (0265) 775295, Fax: (0265) 776787

Email: abdimasgaluh@gmail.com

 

Abdimas Galuh: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat is licensed under a Creative Commons Atribution ShareAlike 4.0 Internasional License

____________________________________________________________________________

Abdimas Galuh: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat diindeks oleh: