Psychosocial Determinants of Antenatal Class Participation: An Integrative Analysis of Health Literacy, Self-Efficacy, And Spousal Support

Indriani Indriani, Adenia Dwi Ristanti, Sundari Mulyaningsih, Lia Dian Ayuningrum, Alifa Risda Fadilasari

Abstract

Background: Maternal mortality remains a major public health challenge, particularly in developing countries. Antenatal classes are effective promotive and preventive interventions to improve maternal preparedness, early detection of pregnancy complications, and utilization of maternal healthcare services. However, participation in antenatal education programs remains suboptimal. Psychosocial factors, including health literacy, self-efficacy, and spousal support, may influence maternal participation in antenatal classes. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the psychosocial determinants of antenatal class participation among pregnant women at Puskesmas Kasihan II. Methods: A quantitative analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 35 pregnant women. Participants were recruited using total sampling. Data were collected using validated structured questionnaires assessing health literacy, self-efficacy, and spousal support. Antenatal class participation was evaluated using attendance records. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression tests with a significance level of p<0.05.Results: Significant associations were found between health literacy (p=0.021), self-efficacy (p=0.013), spousal support (p=0.004), and antenatal class participation. Women with higher health literacy, stronger self-efficacy, and better spousal support were more likely to actively participate in antenatal classes. Spousal support was identified as the strongest predictor (OR=4.21; 95% CI=1.32–13.44; p=0.002). Conclusion: Psychosocial determinants significantly influence antenatal class participation. Family-centered maternal interventions are essential to improve maternal health outcomes.

Keywords

Antenatal Class; Health Literacy Self-Efficacy; Spousal Support; Maternal Health

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References

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/ihc.v2i1.25503

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