PERAN INFRASTRUKTUR LOGISTIK TERHADAP KETAHANAN PANGAN DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

Legiana Aprilia, Eddy Renaldi, Tomy Perdana

Abstract


Jawa Barat memiliki peran strategis sebagai produsen sekaligus konsumen pangan terbesar di Indonesia, namun indeks ketahanan pangannya menunjukkan disparitas yang lebar antarwilayah. Biaya logistik nasional yang masih tinggi (14,29% dari PDB) mengindikasikan bahwa ketahanan pangan tidak hanya ditentukan oleh produksi, tetapi juga oleh efisiensi distribusi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh infrastruktur logistik (kondisi jalan mantap, sarana perdagangan, dan konektivitas) serta variabel kontrol sosio-ekonomi (PDRB per kapita, pengeluaran konsumsi, produksi beras, dan jumlah penduduk) terhadap Indeks Ketahanan Pangan (IKP) di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian menggunakan desain kuantitatif eksplanatori dengan data panel 27 kabupaten/kota periode 2018–2024 (189 observasi). Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel dengan pendekatan Fixed Effect Model (FEM) yang dipilih berdasarkan Uji Chow dan Uji Hausman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model memiliki nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,8426 (84,26%). Variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan adalah konektivitas (p<0,01), pengeluaran konsumsi per kapita (p<0,05), dan jumlah penduduk (p<0,10). Konektivitas logistik merupakan faktor paling dominan yang menjelaskan variasi ketahanan pangan. Sebaliknya, PDRB per kapita, produksi beras, panjang jalan mantap, dan sarana perdagangan tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Temuan ini mendukung teori entitlement Amartya Sen bahwa ketahanan pangan lebih ditentukan oleh akses ekonomi dan efisiensi distribusi daripada ketersediaan fisik semata. Rekomendasi kebijakan diarahkan pada penguatan konektivitas multi-moda, pengembangan food hubs di wilayah rawan pangan, dan penguatan daya beli rumah tangga melalui jaring pengaman sosial.

Keywords


Fixed Effect Model, Indeks Ketahanan Pangan, Infrastruktur Logistik, Jawa Barat, Konektivitas.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/ma.v12i2.24123

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