Aktivitas Antagonistik Konsorsium Bakteri Rhizosfer (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) dalam Meningkatkan Penghambatan Pertumbuhan Rhizoctonia solani Kühn Secara In Vitro

Yuniar Harvianti, Rina Sri Kasiamdari

Sari

Penyakit hawar pelepah yang disebabkan oleh Rhizoctonia solani Kühn merupakan salah satu kendala utama dalam budidaya padi. Pengendalian biologis menggunakan bakteri rhizosfer Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) menjadi alternatif ramah lingkungan yang potensial. PGPR dipilih karena mampu mengkolonisasi perakaran dan menekan patogen melalui antibiosis, kompetisi nutrisi, enzim litik, dan induksi ketahanan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi aktivitas antagonistik konsorsium bakteri PGPR yang diisolasi dari sawah organik (KISO) dan nonorganik (KISN) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan R. solani secara in vitro. Pengujian dilakukan melalui uji antagonis dual culture, pengamatan abnormalitas hifa, penghambatan perkecambahan sklerotium, serta pembentukan lesi pada daun padi. KISN menunjukkan penghambatan pertumbuhan hifa tertinggi (85,66%) disertai abnormalitas hifa berupa pengecilan, pelengkungan, dan lisis, sedangkan KISO menghambat hifa sebesar 43,33%. Kedua konsorsium menghambat sepenuhnya perkecambahan sklerotium (0% perkecambahan). Pada daun padi, KISO menekan perkembangan lesi sebesar 73% (skor keparahan 2), sedangkan KISN menunjukkan daya hambat 100% (skor 0). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua konsorsium, terutama KISN, memiliki aktivitas antagonis yang kuat terhadap R. solani secara in vitro dan layak diuji lebih lanjut pada skala rumah kaca dan lapang.Kata Kunci:           PGPR, Rhizoctonia solani, konsorsium bakteri, antagonis, hawar pelepah padi

Referensi

Anwar Mahmood, S. F., ATahir, N., Salih, G. F., & Lecturer Researcher Assist, A. (2022). Secondary Compounds Released By Rhizospheric Bacteria Exhibit Fungistatic Effects Against Phytopathogenic Fungus. In Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Vol. 2022, Number 5).

Carmona-Hernandez, S., Reyes-Pérez, J. J., Chiquito-Contreras, R. G., Rincon-Enriquez, G., Cerdan-Cabrera, C. R., & Hernandez-Montiel, L. G. (2019). Biocontrol of postharvest fruit fungal diseases by bacterial antagonists: A review. In Agronomy (Vol. 9, Number 3). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9030121

De Boer, M., Bom, P., Kindt, F., Keurentjes, J. J. B., Van Der Sluis, I., Van Loon, L. C., & Bakker, P. A. H. M. (2003). Control of Fusarium Wilt of Radish by Combining Pseudomonas putida Strains that have Different Disease-Suppressive Mechanisms.

Fatima, Z., Saleemi, M., Zia, M., Sultan, T., Aslam, M., -Ur-Rehman, R., & Fayyaz Chaudhary, M. (2009). Antifungal activity of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolates against Rhizoctonia solani in wheat. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(2), 219–225. http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB

Harvianti, Y., & Kasiamdari, R. S. (2021). Biological control activities of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from organic and nonorganic rice fields against rice sheath blight pathogen (rhizoctonia solani kühn). Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters, 49(3), 374–383. https://doi.org/10.48022/mbl.2103.03005

James, D., & Mathew, K. S. (2015). Evaluation of endophytic microbial consortium for the management of bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. In Journal of Biological Control (Vol. 29, Number 3). https://cabidigitallibrary.org

Khairah, M., Mubarik, N. R., & Manaf, L. A. (2023). Bacterial selection and characterization of chitinase enzyme from bacteria controlling Fusarium proliferatum. Biodiversitas, 24(3), 1926–1933. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240370

Lavakush, Yadav, J., & Verma, J. P. (2012). Isolation and Characterization of Effective Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria from Rice Rhizosphere of Indian Soil. Asian Journal of Biological Sciences, 5(6), 294–303. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2012.294.303

Liu, J., Xu, Q., Wu, Y., Sun, D., Zhu, J., Liu, C., & Liu, W. (2023). Carbohydrate-binding modules of ChiB and ChiC promote the chitinolytic system of Serratia marcescens BWL1001. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110118

Marzouk, T., Chouachi, M., Sharma, A., Jallouli, S., Mhamdi, R., Kaushik, N., & Djébali, N. (2021). Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani using volatile organic compounds of solanaceae seed-borne endophytic bacteria. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2021.111655

Maslennikova, V. S., Tsvetkova, V. P., Shelikhova, E. V., Selyuk, M. P., Alikina, T. Y., Kabilov, M. R., & Dubovskiy, I. M. (2023). Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Mix Suppresses Rhizoctonia Disease and Improves Rhizosphere Microbiome, Growth and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Journal of Fungi, 9(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9121142

Méndez-Bravo, A., Cortazar-Murillo, E. M., Guevara-Avendaño, E., Ceballos-Luna, O., Rodríguez-Haas, B., Kiel-Martínez, A. L., Hernández-Cristóbal, O., Guerrero-Analco, J. A., & Reverchon, F. (2018). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria associated with avocado display antagonistic activity against Phytophthora cinnamomi through volatile emissions. PLoS ONE, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194665

Nasiroh, U., Trimulyono, G., Biologi, J., Matematika, F., Ilmu, D., & Alam, P. (2015). Aktivitas Antifungi Serratia marcescens terhadap Alternaria porri Penyebab Penyakit Bercak Ungu Secara in Vitro Antifungal Activity of Serratia marcescens to Alternaria porri Causing Purple Bloch Disease in in Vitro Treatment. http://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/lenterabio

Nasution, R. A., Tangapo, A. M., Taufik, I., & Aditiawati, P. (2017). Comparison of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) diversity and dynamics during growth of cilembu sweet potato (ipomoea batatas L var. rancing) in Cilembu and Jatinangor Site, Indonesia. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 11(2), 837–845. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.11.2.23

Raaijmakers, J. M., & Mazzola, M. (2012). Diversity and natural functions of antibiotics produced by beneficial and plant pathogenic bacteria. In Annual Review of Phytopathology (Vol. 50, pp. 403–424). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-172908

Rajeswari, E., Padmodaya, B., Viswanath, K., & Sumathi, P. (2020). Evaluation of plant extracts on mycelial growth and viability of the sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn In vitro and in soil. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(1), 255–259. http://www.phytojournal.com

Ravali, S., & Rai, B. (2024). Antifungal Activity of Plant Extracts in Different Solvents against Rhizoctonia solani Causing Sheath Blight disease in Rice. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 30(9), 571–581. https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i92384

Riquelme, M., Aguirre, J., Bartnicki-García, S., Braus, G. H., Feldbrügge, M., Fleig, U., Hansberg, W., Herrera-Estrella, A., Kämper, J., Kück, U., Mouriño-Pérez, R. R., Takeshita, N., & Fischer, R. (2018). Fungal Morphogenesis, from the Polarized Growth of Hyphae to Complex Reproduction and Infection Structures. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 82(2). https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00068-17

Roy, M. K., Kotasthane, A. S., & Kumar, S. (2022). In vitro Management of Rhizoctonia solani causing Sheath Blight Disease of Rice in North Bihar. Biological Forum-An International Journal, 14(4), 432. www.researchtrend.net

Sandhya, Y., Rajan, C. P. D., & Reddikumar, M. (2018). Antagonistic Effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens on the Mycelial Growth and the Viability of the Sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani in vitro and in Soil. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(06), 3038–3045. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.706.357

Sarma, B. K., Yadav, S. K., Singh, S., & Singh, H. B. (2015). Microbial consortium-mediated plant defense against phytopathogens: Readdressing for enhancing efficacy. In Soil Biology and Biochemistry (Vol. 87, pp. 25–33). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.04.001

Schwanck, A. A., & Del Ponte, E. M. (2016). Measuring lesion attributes and analysing their spatial patterns at the leaf scale using digital image analysis. Plant Pathology, 65(9), 1498–1508. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12526

Shrestha, B. K., Karki, H. S., Groth, D. E., Jungkhun, N., & Ham, J. H. (2016). Biological control activities of rice-associated Bacillus sp. strains against sheath blight and bacterial panicle blight of rice. PLoS ONE, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146764

Siti Ferniah, R., Pujiyanto, S., Purwantisari, S., Supriyadi, dan, Biologi, J., Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, F., & Diponegoro, U. (2011). Interaksi Kapang Patogen Fusarium oxysporum dengan Bakteri Kitinolitik Rizosfer Tanaman Jahe dan Pisang. Jurnal Natur Indonesia, 14(1), 56–60.

Suharti, N., Politeknik, H. F., Kementerian, K., & Medan, K. (2023). Isolasi dan pemanfaatan bakteri kitinolitik dari cangkang udang putih (penaeus merguensis) dalam menghasilkan enzim kitinase.

Wang, E., Liu, X., Si, Z., Li, X., Bi, J., Dong, W., Chen, M., Wang, S., Zhang, J., Song, A., & Fan, F. (2021). Volatile organic compounds from rice rhizosphere bacteria inhibit growth of the pathogen rhizoctonia solani. Agriculture (Switzerland), 11(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040368

Yang, Y., Hu, J., Wei, X., Huang, K., Li, C., & Yang, G. (2024). Deciphering core microbiota in rhizosphere soil and roots of healthy and Rhizoctonia solani-infected potato plants from various locations. Frontiers in Microbiology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1386417

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/jpb.v14i2.25107

Refbacks

  • Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.