BELAJAR SEJARAH DI MUSEUM: OPTIMALISASI LAYANAN EDUKASI BERBASIS PENDEKATAN PARTISIPATORI

Abstract

Museum berperan penting dalam peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran sejarah. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan layanan museum sebagai tempat edukasi harus terus dilakukan salah satunya dengan mengimplementasikan pendekatan partisipatori. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang bagaimana implementasi layanan edukasi di museum dengan pendekatan partisipatori. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi kasus pada museum di bawah otoritas Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan dan museum di bawah otoritas Pemerintah Daerah di wilayah DKI Jakarta. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Wawancara dilakukan pada pengelola museum dan pengunjung, observasi dilakukan dengan melakukan kunjungan langsung, dan terakhir melalui analisis dokumen berupa arsip data pengunjung. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua museum telah melakukan layanan edukasi dengan memberikan pelabelan pada koleksi, memberikan layanan kepemanduan, membuat situs daring berisi informasi koleksi tentang museum, mengadakan pameran dan festival. Implementasi layanan edukasi berbasis pendekatan partisipatori di museum dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu mengadakan kegiatan-kegiatan yang mengarah pada peran aktif pengunjung dan berkolaborasi dengan komunitas masyarakat untuk mengadakan kegiatan di museum.Museums play an important role in improving the quality of learning history. Therefore, improving museum services as a place of education must be done, one of which is by implementing a participatory approach. This study examines how the implementation of educational services in museums with a participatory approach. The research uses the case study method in the museum under the authority of the Ministry of Education and museum under the authority of the Regional Government in the DKI Jakarta area. Data were collected by interview, observation, and document analysis techniques. Interviews were conducted at museum managers and visitors, observations were carried out by direct visits, and document analysis was carried out at visitor data archives. This research shows that both museums have provided educational services by labeling collections, providing guiding services, creating online sites containing collection information about museums, holding exhibitions and festivals. The implementation of educational services based on participatory approaches in museums is done in two ways, namely holding activities that lead to the active role of visitors and collaborating with the community to hold activities in the museum.