Rekonstruksi Filsafat Pendidikan Mohammad Sjafei: Analisis Ontologi, Epistemologi, dan Aksiologi Serta Relevansinya dalam Kurikulum Merdeka

Meri Erlina, Erlina Wiyanarti

Abstract

Contemporary Indonesian education faces the challenge of producing graduates who are intellectually competent while rooted in national values. However, systematic philosophical reconstruction of national education thinkers as a foundation for the Merdeka Curriculum remains limited. This study aims to reconstruct Mohammad Sjafei’s educational philosophy through ontological, epistemological, and axiological analysis, map its position within pragmatism, essentialism, and progressivism, and identify its relevance to history learning. The study employed a qualitative method using a philosophical-historical literature approach and conceptual content analysis of Sjafei’s works and authoritative secondary sources. The findings reveal that Sjafei’s educational philosophy is grounded in the concept of integral humanity, contextual experience, and national character formation, reflected in the principle of “Alam Terkembang Jadi Guru” and the active-creative educational system of INS Kayutanam. The study contributes a synthesis of Western educational philosophy and local Indonesian epistemology as a reconstructive framework for place-based history pedagogy and strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile.

Keywords

Educational Philosophy; History Education; Ins Kayutanam; Mohammad Sjafei; Place-Based Learning

References

Afdhal, A., Manuputty, F., & Ramdhan, R. M. (2022). Pendidikan developmentalisme Moh. Sjafei: Membangun konsep pendidikan berkebudayaan di INS Kayutanam (1928-1969). Jurnal Mahasiswa BK An-Nur: Berbeda, Bermakna, Mulia, 8(3), 130–141.

Ajisman. (2012). Dinamika perkembangan INS Kayutanam 1926-1998. In Ajisman, Z. Zubir, Jumhari, & E. A. (Eds.), Bunga rampai sejarah Sumatera Barat: Sumatera Barat dari zaman Jepang hingga era reformasi (pp. 1-66). BPSNT Padang Press.

Asnan, G. (2003). Kamus sejarah Minangkabau. Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Minangkabau.

Bagley, W. C. (1934). Education and emergent man: A theory of education with particular application to public education in the United States. Thomas Nelson and Sons.

Beter doen dan praten zegt Moh. Sjafei, de grote onderwijsman van West-Sumatra. (1951, 15 Februari). De Nieuwsgier.

Breidlid, A., & Krøvel, R. (Eds.). (2020). Indigenous knowledges and the sustainable development goals. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429280825

Carr, D. (2003). Making sense of education: An introduction to the philosophy and theory of education and teaching. RoutledgeFalmer.

Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education. Macmillan.

Fauzi, K. R. (2022). Mohammad Sjafe'i: Peran intelektualnya dalam mengembangkan pendidikan di Sumatera Barat melalui Ruang Pendidik INS Kayutanam. Jurnal Siginjai, 2(1), 45–53.

Fahri, M., Rahmawati, R., & Zulkifli, Z. (2022). Decolonizing the curriculum: Postcolonial perspectives in Indonesian education. Journal of Curriculum Studies Research, 4(1), 120-135. https://doi.org/10.46303/jcsr.2022.9

Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed (M. B. Ramos, Trans.). Continuum.

Gruenewald, D. A. (2003). The best of both worlds: A critical pedagogy of place. Educational Researcher, 32(4), 3–12.

Hidayat, A., Syarifuddin, S., & Pratama, R. (2024). Reconstructing national character education: Integration of local wisdom in the modern classroom. Educational Theory and Practice Review, 6(1), 45-59.

Inl. Montessori-school gesloten van Moh. Sjafei. (1934, 22 Februari). Het Nieuws van den Dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië.

Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi. (2022). Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Nomor 56/M/2022 tentang Pedoman Penerapan Kurikulum dalam Rangka Pemulihan Pembelajaran. Kemendikbudristek.

Kilpatrick, W. H. (1925). Foundations of method: Informal talks on teaching. Macmillan.

Lévesque, S. (2008). Thinking historically: Educating students for the twenty-first century. University of Toronto Press.

Lowan-Trudeau, G. (2021). Indigenous environmental education for cultural renewal. Routledge.

Mauly, S., Sudrajat, A., & Aman, A. (2023). The challenges of character education in the era of society 5.0: An Indonesian perspective. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 13(2), 210-225. https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.13.02.18

Mignolo, W. D., & Walsh, C. E. (2018). On decoloniality: Concepts, analytics, praxis. Duke University Press.

Moh. Sjafei en zijn school. (1950, 19 Januari). Het Nieuwsblad voor Sumatra.

Mulyono, H., & Sartono, S. (2023). Character education in the era of society 5.0: An analysis of the independent curriculum in Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Karakter, 14(1), 12-25.

Navis, A. A. (1996). Filsafat dan strategi pendidikan M. Sjafei: Ruang Pendidik INS Kayu Tanam. Grasindo.

Noddings, N. (2018). Philosophy of education (4th ed.). Routledge.

Pinar, W. F. (2012). What is curriculum theory? (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Prasetyo, Z. K., & Dasna, I. W. (2022). Decolonizing the curriculum: Integrating local wisdom into science education in Indonesia. International Journal of Instruction, 15(3), 89-104.

Seixas, P., & Morton, T. (2013). The big six historical thinking concepts. Nelson Education.

Sidin, H. N. (2004). Apa siapa: Edisi Sumatera Barat bagian I. Pustaka Artaz.

Smith, G. A., & Sobel, D. (2010). Place- and community-based education in schools. Routledge.

Smith, L. T. (2021). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and indigenous peoples (3rd ed.). Zed Books.

Sobel, D. (2004). Place-based education: Connecting classrooms and communities. Orion Society.

Tanu, D., & Moodie, N. (2021). The decolonising potential of place-based education. Dalam International research on permanent authentic records in electronic systems. Routledge.

Wati, L., Rochwulaningsih, Y., & Puguh, D. (2024). Mohammad Sjafei: A nationalist educator in West Sumatra. Indonesian Historical Studies, 8(2), 102-117. (Carr, 2003; Noddings, 2018; Pinar, 2012)

Wati, L. A., & Asri, Z. (2021). Pemikiran pendidikan Mohammad Sjafei dan relevansinya dengan pelaksanaan pendidikan di SMA INS Kayutanam tahun 2006-2018. Jurnal Kronologi.

Wineburg, S. (2018). Why learn history (when it's already on your phone). University of Chicago Press.

Zed, M. (2012). Engku Mohammad Sjafe'i dan INS Kayutanam: Jejak pemikiran pendidikannya. Lembaran Sejarah. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146772512

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/ja.v13i1.24169

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.